THE KSB FOUNDATION

Kairo

20th June 2025 – 28th June 2025

Born eleven weeks early. Held in the NICU for eight days. Loved for every one of them, and every day since.

KAIRO'S STORY

Eight days

Kairo was born eleven weeks early by emergency C-section and spent all eight days of his life in the NICU. It took almost ten weeks after we lost him to learn why: Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis, a condition we'd never heard of — and one that changed my life forever.

The KSB Foundation exists so his eight days mean something beyond our grief — so other families get answers faster, feel less alone, and are supported through the NICU and everything that comes after it.

Day1

Welcome to the World

Delivered by emergency C-section, eleven weeks early, after his amniotic fluid was found to be gone. Taken directly into NICU care.

Days1–6

Warrior Boy

His kidneys, though formed correctly, began failing from the start. The NICU team monitored and treated him around the clock as he continued to decline.

Day7

A Sudden Turn

Kairo began bleeding internally. His blood was unable to clot.

Day8

At Peace at Last

Kairo passed away in the NICU, in his eighth day of life. It would be almost ten weeks before we had a name for what took him.

A positive pregnancy test
An ultrasound scan with personal information blurred
Kairo's NICU cot with the hospital number blurred
Kairo's tiny hand held by his family

UNDERSTANDING CHI

What is Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis?

CHI is a rare placental condition that remains poorly understood. For many families, it’s a term they only discover after experiencing pregnancy loss or serious complications.

01

What it is

CHI is a rare inflammatory disorder of the placenta. The mother's own immune cells — mainly a type called histiocytes — build up abnormally in the spaces of the placenta where oxygen and nutrients pass from mother to baby, and begin attacking that tissue as though it were foreign.

It can happen at any point in pregnancy, and it is currently believed to affect roughly 6 in every 10,000 pregnancies that reach 12 weeks — though because it can only be confirmed after birth, it is widely thought to be under-diagnosed.

02

How it affects pregnancy

By damaging the placenta's ability to pass oxygen and nutrients to the baby, CHI is associated with a range of serious complications, including:

  • Fetal growth restriction
  • Reduced or absent amniotic fluid
  • Miscarriage, particularly in the first and second trimester
  • Premature birth, often via emergency delivery
  • Stillbirth or neonatal death
03

Why it's so hard to catch

There is currently no blood test, scan, or biomarker that can diagnose CHI during pregnancy. It can only be confirmed after delivery, through microscopic examination of the placenta itself — and even then, there's no single agreed diagnostic standard between hospitals.

This means many families, like ours, are left waiting weeks or months for an explanation, often after already losing their baby.

0prenatal tests
~10 wkstypical wait for answers
04

Recurrence & the autoimmune link

CHI has an unusually high recurrence rate in future pregnancies — estimated between 25% and 100% depending on severity. Researchers increasingly believe CHI is a disorder of immune tolerance, where the body responds to the placenta almost like it would to a transplanted organ it's rejecting.

Research has found that women who experience CHI have higher rates of autoimmune disease than the general population. Some mothers are diagnosed with conditions such as lupus in the months or years following a CHI-affected pregnancy, while others already have an existing autoimmune condition before becoming pregnant. This has led researchers to believe that abnormalities in the immune system may play a role in the development of CHI. However, the exact relationship is still not fully understood, and ongoing research is exploring whether CHI is driven by underlying immune dysfunction, whether pregnancy can reveal previously undetected autoimmune disease, or whether several factors are involved.

25–100%recurrence rate
↑autoimmune disease risk

OUR BEGINNING

About the KSB Foundation

Why KSB exists

KSB was created in memory of Kairo, my son.

Before Kairo, I had never heard of Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis (CHI). I didn’t know it existed. I didn’t know that something could happen during pregnancy that I had never even heard of, and that it could ultimately change the course of an entire life.

I think many people quietly wonder about the things that could go wrong during pregnancy. What if I lose my baby? What if my baby comes too early? What if they don’t survive the NICU? But there is a difference between knowing something is possible and believing it could actually happen to you.

Until it does.

And when it does, there is no way to truly prepare yourself for everything that follows.

Grief has many layers

Losing a baby is not one moment of grief. There are so many layers to it, many of which you don’t realise exist until you are living through them.

There are medical decisions you never imagined having to make. Understanding why an autopsy may be needed. Being asked about organ donation. Trying to understand medical terminology while you’re grieving. Planning a funeral for your child. Making decisions about how they will be remembered.

And then comes the moment you have spent so long trying not to imagine: having to bury your child and say goodbye.

But grief doesn’t end there.

What happens when you go home and there is no baby to bring home with you? What happens when the people you expected to stand beside you aren’t there? What happens if you don’t have a village? If you’re a single parent? If you’re estranged from your family? If you are trying to navigate the loss largely on your own?

I know what it is like to experience grief while also trying to navigate everything around it.

A place for awareness, understanding and connection

KSB exists because I wish I had known about CHI before Kairo.

Not because knowing would have changed what happened, but because having information, understanding and somewhere to turn can matter enormously when you are suddenly faced with something you never knew was possible.

This website is for parents who have been affected by CHI, for families navigating pregnancy or baby loss, and for anyone trying to understand what happens when a pregnancy or newborn journey doesn’t go the way they imagined.

It is also for people who have never heard of CHI.

Because awareness matters.

You may never experience pregnancy loss or have a baby in the NICU yourself. You may never have to make the decisions that come with losing a child. But someone you love might.

And sometimes, simply knowing that something exists means you can recognise it, ask questions and find support when you need it.

From Kairo’s story to something bigger

KSB is my way of turning something I never wanted to experience into something that I hope can help others.

A place for information.

A place for awareness.

A place for research.

A place for families who may feel completely alone.

And above all, a place where Kairo’s life continues to mean something.

This foundation was born from loss, but I don’t want it to be defined only by loss.

I want KSB to contribute to a better understanding of CHI, support families affected by it, encourage further research and make sure that more people know this condition exists.

Because I didn’t know.
And I wish I had.

With love,

Alina

Forever Kairo’s Mummy

OUR WORK

What We Do

KSB Foundation exists to raise awareness, support families and help build a better understanding of Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis (CHI).

Our work is centred around four areas: Research, Awareness & Education, Family Support, and Future Pregnancy & Maternal Health.

CHI Research

There is still so much we don’t know about CHI.

Why does it happen? Why does it happen to some pregnancies and not others? What role does the immune system play? Why can CHI recur? And, most importantly, is there more that can be done to identify, monitor and support women at risk?

KSB wants to help bring greater attention to these unanswered questions.

Our long-term aim is to support and encourage research into the causes of CHI, its recurrence, diagnosis, possible risk factors and potential treatments or preventative approaches.

We want to connect families, researchers and healthcare professionals so that the experiences of those affected by CHI are not lost in the gaps between research and real life.

As KSB grows, we hope to contribute towards research projects, support researchers working in this area and help make emerging research easier for families to understand.

Because the questions families are left with deserve to be investigated.

Awareness & Education

Before Kairo, I had never heard of CHI.

That is one of the reasons KSB exists.

We want more people to know that CHI exists — not to create fear around pregnancy, but to make sure that families who encounter it are not hearing the term for the first time at one of the most devastating moments of their lives.

Our aim is to make information about CHI easier to find, easier to understand and grounded in reliable research.

This includes sharing information about:

  • What CHI is
  • How it affects the placenta and pregnancy
  • How CHI is diagnosed
  • What is currently known about recurrence
  • What research is exploring
  • Questions families may want to ask their healthcare team
  • What happens after a diagnosis or pregnancy loss
  • Resources and support available to affected families

Awareness also extends beyond families.

KSB hopes to contribute to greater understanding among healthcare professionals and the wider public, because recognising rare conditions often begins with simply knowing they exist.

You shouldn’t have to experience CHI before you know what it is.

Family Support

CHI doesn’t exist in isolation.

Behind every diagnosis, complicated pregnancy, NICU admission or baby loss is a person and a family trying to make sense of something they never expected to face.

KSB wants to create a space where families can find information, understanding and connection — particularly for those who may feel like they are navigating everything on their own.

We recognise that grief can be complicated. You may be grieving your baby while also recovering physically from birth. You may be trying to understand medical results, post-mortem reports or placental findings. You may be planning a funeral while still processing what has happened. You may be returning home to an empty nursery. You may be doing all of this without the village you thought you would have.

When grief comes with a list of things to do

The loss of a baby can bring with it an overwhelming number of decisions at a time when you are simply trying to process what has happened.

You may suddenly find yourself having conversations about post-mortems, medical investigations or organ donation. You may be asked to make decisions about your baby’s funeral or burial. You may be trying to understand medical terminology, test results and reports while also trying to grieve.

There is no handbook for any of this.

And once the hospital appointments end and everyone else goes back to their lives, the grief doesn’t simply disappear.

You still have to go home.

You still have to wake up the next morning.

You still have to figure out how to live alongside the loss of your baby.

What if you don’t have a village?

Not everyone experiences bereavement surrounded by family and friends.

What if you’re a single parent?
What if you’re estranged from your family?
What if your relationship has broken down?
What if the people you thought would be there aren’t?
Or what if, despite having people around you, you still feel completely alone in your grief?

KSB aims to provide accessible resources and signposting for families navigating these experiences.

As the foundation develops, we hope to build more direct forms of family support, including peer connection, practical resources and spaces where people affected by CHI and baby loss can feel less alone.

There is no right way to grieve, and no family should have to navigate it without support.

KSB recognises that bereavement can be isolating, and that the support someone has around them can look very different from one family to another.

Organisations such as Sands provide bereavement support, helplines, peer groups and practical information for families following pregnancy and baby loss. Their resources also recognise the difficult decisions families may face around funerals, post-mortems and future pregnancies.

KSB’s role is not to replace these organisations. It is to help families find them — and to create a space specifically informed by the experience of CHI and the questions that can follow it.

A place to start

Sometimes you don’t know exactly what you need.

You might just know that you need someone to understand.

KSB aims to help families find somewhere to start — whether that means understanding a CHI diagnosis, finding bereavement support, learning about available resources, connecting with others who have experienced baby loss, or finding information to take back to their healthcare team.

As KSB grows, we hope to develop more direct support for families, including practical resources, peer connection and dedicated information for people affected by CHI.

We also want to recognise that grief doesn’t have a deadline.

Support may be needed in the first days and weeks after a loss, but it can also be needed months or years later. Sands, for example, provides support to people whose babies died recently as well as those who have been bereaved many years ago.

You don’t have to know what you need before you reach out.

If you’re unsure where to turn, KSB can help you find a place to start.

We may not have every answer, but we want to help you find the right one.

Future Pregnancy & Maternal Health

For some families, the loss of a baby is not where the questions end.

For those who go on to consider another pregnancy, there can be an entirely different kind of uncertainty.

Could it happen again?
Will anyone monitor me differently this time?
What should I ask my doctors?
Will anyone know what CHI is?
Can anything be done differently?

KSB wants to help make these conversations easier to have.

We aim to raise awareness of the questions surrounding pregnancy after CHI and support access to reliable information about recurrence, monitoring, maternal health and ongoing research.

This area of our work will continue to develop alongside the research.

We will not make promises where the science does not yet provide answers. Instead, we want to help families understand what is known, what remains uncertain and what questions they may want to discuss with their healthcare team.

Because after loss, hope can exist alongside fear — and families deserve information for both.

What connects everything we do

Somewhere to learn.

Somewhere to ask questions.

Somewhere to find support.

Somewhere to understand the research.

And somewhere to feel a little less alone.

These four areas are connected by one purpose: to make sure that families affected by CHI have somewhere to turn. KSB was created from one family’s experience of loss. Our hope is that, over time, it can become something that helps many more families.

WAYS TO HELP

Get Involved

Help us turn awareness into action

KSB was created from my family’s experience of loss, but it doesn’t have to stop there.

Whether you choose to donate, fundraise, volunteer your time, share information or contribute your expertise, there are many ways you can help KSB grow and reach more families.

You don’t have to have experienced CHI or baby loss to make a difference.

Sometimes, helping simply starts with sharing a post or telling someone that CHI exists.

SHARE CHI

You can help someone discover what they didn’t know existed

Before Kairo, I had never heard of CHI.

One of the simplest ways you can support KSB is by helping change that.

Share our website. Share our social media posts. Talk about CHI. Send our resources to someone who might find them useful.

You never know who may be searching for answers.

One share could be the reason a family realises they aren’t alone.

RESEARCH

Help us understand what we still don’t know

There is still so much to learn about CHI.

KSB wants to help connect families with legitimate opportunities to contribute to research, where appropriate, and make research easier for families to understand.

Depending on the opportunities available, getting involved might include:

  • Taking part in a research study
  • Sharing your experience with researchers
  • Helping researchers understand the questions that matter to families
  • Sharing information about legitimate CHI research opportunities
  • Supporting research fundraising
  • Helping translate research findings into accessible information

KSB will never ask families to participate in research without appropriate ethical and professional safeguards.

Our aim is to help build a bridge between researchers and the people whose lives are affected by the questions they are trying to answer.

PARTNER WITH US

Better work happens when we work together

KSB cannot — and should not — do everything alone.

We want to build relationships with people and organisations who share our commitment to improving awareness, understanding and support around CHI and baby loss.

We’d love to hear from:

Researchers & universitiesWorking on CHI, placental health, maternal health, immunology, pregnancy complications or related areas.
Healthcare professionalsInterested in CHI education, awareness or improving the information available to families.
Bereavement organisationsInterested in collaborating, signposting or developing complementary support.
Community & faith organisationsHelping us reach families who may otherwise struggle to find appropriate support.
Businesses & organisationsInterested in sponsorship, fundraising, employee engagement or supporting KSB’s work.
Media & creatorsHelping us bring greater awareness to CHI and the realities of pregnancy and baby loss.

Partnerships can take many forms — from sharing expertise and resources to collaborating on projects, awareness campaigns, research or fundraising.

Talk to us about partnering at theksbfoundation@outlook.com. We’d love to hear from you.

However you choose to get involved

You don’t have to donate.

You don’t have to run a marathon.

You don’t have to have a professional connection to medicine or research.

You don’t even have to know exactly what you can offer yet.

You can start by sharing.

You can start by asking a question.

You can start by telling someone that CHI exists.

Help us make sure more families know they are not alone.

YOU ARE NOT ALONE

Grief support & resources

Grief after losing a baby doesn't move in a straight line. It comes in waves — some days quiet, some days overwhelming, often without warning. Anniversaries, due dates, and ordinary moments can bring it back sharply, even years later, and that's normal. Partners often grieve differently from one another, and neither way is wrong. There is no timeline you're supposed to be on, and you don't have to carry it alone. A perinatal bereavement counsellor or therapist who understands baby and NICU loss specifically can help — and so can other parents who understand exactly what this is, without needing it explained.

Baby & NICU loss support

UK
  • SandsStillbirth & neonatal death charity; helpline and local support groups.
  • BlissSupport for parents of premature or sick babies, including bereavement.
  • Tommy'sPregnancy complication research and information, including CHI.
  • The Compassionate FriendsPeer support for bereaved parents, siblings and grandparents.

For partners & fathers

UK & ONLINE
  • SandsDedicated support for dads and partners after baby loss.
  • Grieving DadsResources and community specifically for bereaved fathers.

Autoimmune & lupus support

FOR MOTHERS AFTER CHI · UK

Baby & NICU loss support

ALSO AVAILABLE · US

If you're struggling right now

Grief like this can be overwhelming. Support is available any time, day or night.

UK & IrelandSamaritans · 116 123
US & CanadaCall or text 988